{ "versions": { "shapely": "2.1.2", "geopandas": "1.1.4", "gdal": "3.8.4", "postgis": "3.4.2", "turf": "7.3.4" }, "languages": { "python": { "label": "Python", "note": "Shapely 2.x", "syntax": "python" }, "postgis": { "label": "PostGIS", "note": "PostgreSQL with PostGIS", "syntax": "sql" }, "gdal": { "label": "GDAL", "note": "ogr2ogr on the command line", "syntax": "bash" }, "javascript": { "label": "JavaScript", "note": "Turf.js in Node", "syntax": "javascript" } }, "inputs": { "buffer": { "a": { "type": "Feature", "properties": { "name": "PS 116 Mary Lindley Murray", "type": "elementary_school" }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -73.9857, 40.7484 ] } } }, "clip": { "a": { "type": "Feature", "properties": { "name": "Coastal Trail Connector", "surface": "asphalt" }, "geometry": { "type": "LineString", "coordinates": [ [ -122.49, 37.8199 ], [ -122.4783, 37.8199 ], [ -122.465, 37.8199 ] ] } }, "b": { "type": "Feature", "properties": { "name": "City Boundary" }, "geometry": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ -122.485, 37.81 ], [ -122.47, 37.81 ], [ -122.47, 37.828 ], [ -122.485, 37.828 ], [ -122.485, 37.81 ] ] ] } } }, "union": { "a": { "type": "Feature", "properties": { "parcel_id": "A-1042" }, "geometry": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ -73.987, 40.748 ], [ -73.985, 40.748 ], [ -73.985, 40.7495 ], [ -73.987, 40.7495 ], [ -73.987, 40.748 ] ] ] } }, "b": { "type": "Feature", "properties": { "parcel_id": "A-1043" }, "geometry": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ -73.9855, 40.7488 ], [ -73.9835, 40.7488 ], [ -73.9835, 40.7503 ], [ -73.9855, 40.7503 ], [ -73.9855, 40.7488 ] ] ] } } }, "intersection": { "a": { "type": "Feature", "properties": { "zone": "AE", "bfe_ft": 14 }, "geometry": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ -122.482, 37.818 ], [ -122.475, 37.818 ], [ -122.475, 37.822 ], [ -122.482, 37.822 ], [ -122.482, 37.818 ] ] ] } }, "b": { "type": "Feature", "properties": { "zone_code": "R-2", "units_per_acre": 8 }, "geometry": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ -122.48, 37.817 ], [ -122.473, 37.817 ], [ -122.473, 37.821 ], [ -122.48, 37.821 ], [ -122.48, 37.817 ] ] ] } } }, "difference": { "a": { "type": "Feature", "properties": { "district": "Midtown South" }, "geometry": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ -73.988, 40.747 ], [ -73.982, 40.747 ], [ -73.982, 40.751 ], [ -73.988, 40.751 ], [ -73.988, 40.747 ] ] ] } }, "b": { "type": "Feature", "properties": { "name": "Bryant Park Annex", "protected": true }, "geometry": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ -73.9865, 40.7482 ], [ -73.9845, 40.7482 ], [ -73.9845, 40.7498 ], [ -73.9865, 40.7498 ], [ -73.9865, 40.7482 ] ] ] } } }, "dissolve": { "a": { "type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [ { "type": "Feature", "properties": { "name": "West A", "region": "West" }, "geometry": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ -120.0, 40.0 ], [ -119.0, 40.0 ], [ -119.0, 41.0 ], [ -120.0, 41.0 ], [ -120.0, 40.0 ] ] ] } }, { "type": 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"type": "Feature", "properties": { "name": "Coastal Trail Connector", "surface": "asphalt" }, "geometry": { "type": "LineString", "coordinates": [ [ -122.49, 37.8199 ], [ -122.4783, 37.8199 ], [ -122.465, 37.8199 ] ] } }, "shape": { "features": 1, "types": [ "LineString" ], "positions": 3, "lengthMetres": 2201.171 } }, "b": { "document": { "type": "Feature", "properties": { "name": "City Boundary" }, "geometry": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ -122.485, 37.81 ], [ -122.47, 37.81 ], [ -122.47, 37.828 ], [ -122.485, 37.828 ], [ -122.485, 37.81 ] ] ] } }, "shape": { "features": 1, "types": [ "Polygon" ], "positions": 5, "areaSquareMetres": 2638630.38 } } }, "union": { "a": { "document": { "type": "Feature", "properties": { "parcel_id": "A-1042" }, "geometry": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ -73.987, 40.748 ], [ -73.985, 40.748 ], [ -73.985, 40.7495 ], [ -73.987, 40.7495 ], [ -73.987, 40.748 ] ] ] } }, "shape": { "features": 1, "types": [ "Polygon" ], "positions": 5, "areaSquareMetres": 28135.565 } }, "b": { "document": { "type": "Feature", "properties": { "parcel_id": "A-1043" }, "geometry": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ -73.9855, 40.7488 ], [ -73.9835, 40.7488 ], [ -73.9835, 40.7503 ], [ -73.9855, 40.7503 ], [ -73.9855, 40.7488 ] ] ] } }, "shape": { "features": 1, "types": [ "Polygon" ], "positions": 5, "areaSquareMetres": 28135.232 } } }, "intersection": { "a": { "document": { "type": "Feature", "properties": { "zone": "AE", "bfe_ft": 14 }, "geometry": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ -122.482, 37.818 ], [ -122.475, 37.818 ], [ -122.475, 37.822 ], [ -122.482, 37.822 ], [ -122.482, 37.818 ] ] ] } }, "shape": { "features": 1, "types": [ "Polygon" ], "positions": 5, "areaSquareMetres": 273632.099 } }, "b": { "document": { "type": "Feature", "properties": { "zone_code": "R-2", "units_per_acre": 8 }, "geometry": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ -122.48, 37.817 ], [ -122.473, 37.817 ], [ -122.473, 37.821 ], [ -122.48, 37.821 ], [ -122.48, 37.817 ] ] ] } }, "shape": { "features": 1, "types": [ "Polygon" ], "positions": 5, "areaSquareMetres": 273635.744 } } }, "difference": { "a": { "document": { "type": "Feature", "properties": { "district": "Midtown South" }, "geometry": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ -73.988, 40.747 ], [ -73.982, 40.747 ], [ -73.982, 40.751 ], [ -73.988, 40.751 ], [ -73.988, 40.747 ] ] ] } }, "shape": { "features": 1, "types": [ "Polygon" ], "positions": 5, "areaSquareMetres": 225083.687 } }, "b": { "document": { "type": "Feature", "properties": { "name": "Bryant Park Annex", "protected": true }, "geometry": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ -73.9865, 40.7482 ], [ -73.9845, 40.7482 ], [ -73.9845, 40.7498 ], [ -73.9865, 40.7498 ], [ -73.9865, 40.7482 ] ] ] } }, "shape": { "features": 1, "types": [ "Polygon" ], "positions": 5, "areaSquareMetres": 30011.158 } } }, "dissolve": { "a": { "document": { "type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [ { "type": "Feature", "properties": { "name": "West A", "region": "West" }, "geometry": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ -120.0, 40.0 ], [ -119.0, 40.0 ], [ -119.0, 41.0 ], [ -120.0, 41.0 ], [ -120.0, 40.0 ] ] ] } }, { "type": "Feature", "properties": { "name": "West B", "region": "West" }, "geometry": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ -119.0, 40.0 ], [ -118.0, 40.0 ], [ -118.0, 41.0 ], [ -119.0, 41.0 ], [ -119.0, 40.0 ] ] ] } }, { "type": "Feature", "properties": { "name": "West C", "region": "West" }, "geometry": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ -116.0, 40.0 ], [ -115.0, 40.0 ], [ -115.0, 41.0 ], [ -116.0, 41.0 ], [ -116.0, 40.0 ] ] ] } }, { "type": "Feature", "properties": { "name": "East A", "region": "East" }, "geometry": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ -75.0, 40.0 ], [ -74.0, 40.0 ], [ -74.0, 41.0 ], [ -75.0, 41.0 ], [ -75.0, 40.0 ] ] ] } } ] }, "shape": { "features": 4, "types": [ "Polygon" ], "positions": 20, "areaSquareMetres": 37651154982.756 } } } }, "operations": { "buffer": { "languages": { "python": { "code": "import json\nfrom shapely.geometry import shape, mapping\nfrom shapely.ops import transform\nfrom pyproj import Transformer\n\nschool = json.load(open(\"a.geojson\"))\npoint = shape(school[\"geometry\"])\n\n# Shapely works in the units it is given, and these units are degrees. A\n# 1000 \"degree\" buffer is meaningless, so project to a metre-based CRS\n# centred on the point, buffer there, and come back.\nlon, lat = point.x, point.y\nlocal = f\"+proj=aeqd +lat_0={lat} +lon_0={lon} +datum=WGS84 +units=m\"\nto_m = Transformer.from_crs(\"EPSG:4326\", local, always_xy=True).transform\nto_deg = Transformer.from_crs(local, \"EPSG:4326\", always_xy=True).transform\n\nring = transform(to_deg, transform(to_m, point).buffer(1000, quad_segs=16))\n\nprint(json.dumps({\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {\"source\": school[\"properties\"][\"name\"], \"radius_m\": 1000},\n \"geometry\": mapping(ring),\n}))", "output": { "type": "Feature", "properties": { "source": "PS 116 Mary Lindley Murray", "radius_m": 1000 }, "geometry": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ -73.97385927762036, 40.74839939263463 ], [ -73.97391644973541, 40.74751675113071 ], [ -73.97408709938702, 40.74664262131516 ], [ -73.97436957881216, 40.74578542104346 ], [ -73.97476116360465, 40.74495340482346 ], [ -73.97525807910547, 40.74415458435088 ], [ -73.97585553688853, 40.74339665139346 ], [ -73.97654778098554, 40.74268690376545 ], [ -73.97732814340061, 40.742032175103134 ], [ -73.97818910837695, 40.741438769115426 ], [ -73.97912238479437, 40.7409123989405 ], [ -73.98011898600032, 40.740458132189886 ], [ -73.9811693163059, 40.74008034220692 ], [ -73.98226326331584, 40.7397826660064 ], [ -73.98339029520659, 40.739567969298385 ], [ -73.98453956201968, 40.73943831893117 ], [ -73.9857, 40.73939496301705 ], [ -73.98686043798033, 40.73943831893117 ], [ -73.9880097047934, 40.739567969298385 ], [ -73.98913673668416, 40.7397826660064 ], [ -73.99023068369411, 40.74008034220692 ], [ -73.99128101399967, 40.740458132189886 ], [ -73.99227761520564, 40.740912398940495 ], [ -73.99321089162305, 40.741438769115426 ], [ -73.99407185659939, 40.742032175103134 ], [ -73.99485221901446, 40.74268690376545 ], [ -73.99554446311146, 40.74339665139346 ], [ -73.9961419208945, 40.74415458435089 ], [ -73.99663883639533, 40.74495340482346 ], [ -73.99703042118783, 40.74578542104346 ], [ -73.99731290061297, 40.74664262131516 ], [ -73.99748355026459, 40.74751675113072 ], [ -73.99754072237964, 40.74839939263463 ], [ -73.99748386187272, 40.749282045673475 ], [ -73.9973135118543, 40.75015620965054 ], [ -73.99703130857272, 40.75101346539755 ], [ -73.99663996582207, 40.7518455562747 ], [ -73.99614324895984, 40.752644467717325 ], [ -73.99554593877859, 40.7534025044617 ], [ -73.99485378557435, 40.75411236470513 ], [ -73.99407345385, 40.75476721048357 ], [ -73.99321245818295, 40.75536073358742 ], [ -73.9922790908728, 40.75588721637779 ], [ -73.99128234206505, 40.756341586915354 ], [ -73.99023181312087, 40.75671946786835 ], [ -73.98913762406907, 40.75701721872607 ], [ -73.98801031603477, 40.757231970909366 ], [ -73.98686074958847, 40.757361655438096 ], [ -73.9857, 40.757405022887156 ], [ -73.98453925041152, 40.757361655438096 ], [ -73.98338968396523, 40.757231970909366 ], [ -73.98226237593092, 40.75701721872607 ], [ -73.98116818687913, 40.75671946786835 ], [ -73.98011765793494, 40.75634158691535 ], [ -73.97912090912719, 40.75588721637778 ], [ -73.97818754181704, 40.75536073358742 ], [ -73.97732654615, 40.75476721048357 ], [ -73.97654621442564, 40.75411236470513 ], [ -73.9758540612214, 40.753402504461704 ], [ -73.97525675104015, 40.752644467717325 ], [ -73.97476003417793, 40.7518455562747 ], [ -73.97436869142729, 40.75101346539754 ], [ -73.9740864881457, 40.75015620965054 ], [ -73.97391613812727, 40.749282045673475 ], [ -73.97385927762036, 40.74839939263463 ] ] ] } }, "shape": { "features": 1, "types": [ "Polygon" ], "positions": 65, "areaSquareMetres": 3136548.484 } }, "postgis": { "code": "-- Cast to geography and ST_Buffer takes metres directly. This is the\n-- shortest correct route to a metre buffer in any of the four.\nWITH school AS (\n SELECT ST_GeomFromGeoJSON(:'a_geometry') AS geom\n)\nSELECT ST_AsGeoJSON(\n ST_Buffer(geom::geography, 1000, 16)::geometry\n )\nFROM school;", "output": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ -73.973856431, 40.7482953 ], [ -73.973927032, 40.747412948 ], [ -73.974111008, 40.746540108 ], [ -73.974406582, 40.745685184 ], [ -73.974810905, 40.74485641 ], [ -73.975320079, 40.744061765 ], [ -73.975929198, 40.743308901 ], [ -73.976632393, 40.742605067 ], [ -73.977422891, 40.741957039 ], [ -73.97829308, 40.741371058 ], [ -73.979234579, 40.740852763 ], [ -73.980238322, 40.740407147 ], [ -73.981294646, 40.740038497 ], [ -73.98239338, 40.739750364 ], [ -73.983523947, 40.739545521 ], [ -73.984675462, 40.739425941 ], [ -73.98583684, 40.739392774 ], [ -73.986996902, 40.73944634 ], [ -73.988144479, 40.739586124 ], [ -73.989268524, 40.739810779 ], [ -73.990358216, 40.740118143 ], [ -73.991403063, 40.740505257 ], [ -73.992393007, 40.740968394 ], [ -73.993318514, 40.741503096 ], [ -73.994170674, 40.742104215 ], [ -73.99494128, 40.742765964 ], [ -73.995622909, 40.74348197 ], [ -73.996208997, 40.74424534 ], [ -73.996693895, 40.745048724 ], [ -73.997072933, 40.745884387 ], [ -73.997342454, 40.74674428 ], [ -73.99749986, 40.747620124 ], [ -73.997543631, 40.748503485 ], [ -73.997473341, 40.749385854 ], [ -73.997289661, 40.750258735 ], [ -73.996994357, 40.75111372 ], [ -73.996590268, 40.751942574 ], [ -73.996081284, 40.752737314 ], [ -73.995472302, 40.753490285 ], [ -73.994769186, 40.754194234 ], [ -73.993978706, 40.754842379 ], [ -73.993108475, 40.755428477 ], [ -73.992166874, 40.755946882 ], [ -73.991162972, 40.7563926 ], [ -73.99010644, 40.756761336 ], [ -73.989007456, 40.757049539 ], [ -73.987876608, 40.757254431 ], [ -73.986724789, 40.75737404 ], [ -73.985563098, 40.757407211 ], [ -73.984402726, 40.757353627 ], [ -73.983254852, 40.757213804 ], [ -73.982130537, 40.756989087 ], [ -73.981040611, 40.756681644 ], [ -73.979995574, 40.756294434 ], [ -73.979005494, 40.75583119 ], [ -73.978079907, 40.755296374 ], [ -73.977227728, 40.754695137 ], [ -73.976457165, 40.754033272 ], [ -73.975775638, 40.753317155 ], [ -73.975189709, 40.752553684 ], [ -73.974705019, 40.751750213 ], [ -73.974326231, 40.750914481 ], [ -73.974056992, 40.750054538 ], [ -73.973899889, 40.749178666 ], [ -73.973856431, 40.7482953 ] ] ] }, "shape": { "features": 1, "types": [ "Polygon" ], "positions": 65, "areaSquareMetres": 3138492.464 } }, "gdal": { "code": "# ogr2ogr buffers in whatever units the layer is already in, and these\n# are degrees, so this takes two passes. The intermediate has to be a\n# GeoPackage: GeoJSON is always longitude and latitude, and metres written\n# into it come back as invalid longitudes.\nAEQD=\"+proj=aeqd +lat_0=40.7484 +lon_0=-73.9857 +datum=WGS84 +units=m\"\n\n# 1. Reproject the point into metres.\nogr2ogr -f GPKG metres.gpkg a.geojson -t_srs \"$AEQD\" -nln pt\n\n# 2. Buffer by 1000 metres there, and come back to WGS 84 on the way out.\nogr2ogr -f GeoJSON /vsistdout/ metres.gpkg -t_srs EPSG:4326 \\\n -dialect SQLITE -sql \"SELECT ST_Buffer(geom, 1000, 16) AS geom FROM pt\"", "output": { "type": "FeatureCollection", "name": "SELECT", "crs": { "type": "name", "properties": { "name": "urn:ogc:def:crs:OGC:1.3:CRS84" } }, "features": [ { "type": "Feature", "properties": {}, "geometry": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ -73.97385927762036, 40.74839939263463 ], [ -73.97391644973541, 40.74751675113071 ], [ -73.97408709938702, 40.74664262131516 ], [ -73.97436957881216, 40.74578542104346 ], [ -73.97476116360465, 40.74495340482346 ], [ -73.97525807910547, 40.74415458435088 ], [ -73.97585553688853, 40.74339665139346 ], [ -73.97654778098554, 40.74268690376545 ], [ -73.97732814340061, 40.742032175103134 ], [ -73.97818910837695, 40.741438769115426 ], [ -73.97912238479437, 40.7409123989405 ], [ -73.98011898600032, 40.740458132189886 ], [ -73.9811693163059, 40.74008034220692 ], [ -73.98226326331584, 40.7397826660064 ], [ -73.98339029520659, 40.739567969298385 ], [ -73.98453956201968, 40.73943831893117 ], [ -73.9857, 40.73939496301705 ], [ -73.98686043798033, 40.73943831893117 ], [ -73.9880097047934, 40.739567969298385 ], [ -73.98913673668416, 40.7397826660064 ], [ -73.99023068369411, 40.74008034220692 ], [ -73.99128101399967, 40.740458132189886 ], [ -73.99227761520564, 40.740912398940495 ], [ -73.99321089162305, 40.741438769115426 ], [ -73.99407185659939, 40.742032175103134 ], [ -73.99485221901446, 40.74268690376545 ], [ -73.99554446311146, 40.74339665139346 ], [ -73.9961419208945, 40.74415458435089 ], [ -73.99663883639533, 40.74495340482346 ], [ -73.99703042118783, 40.74578542104346 ], [ -73.99731290061297, 40.74664262131516 ], [ -73.99748355026459, 40.74751675113072 ], [ -73.99754072237964, 40.74839939263463 ], [ -73.99748386187272, 40.749282045673475 ], [ -73.9973135118543, 40.75015620965054 ], [ -73.99703130857272, 40.75101346539755 ], [ -73.99663996582207, 40.7518455562747 ], [ -73.99614324895984, 40.752644467717325 ], [ -73.99554593877859, 40.7534025044617 ], [ -73.99485378557435, 40.75411236470513 ], [ -73.99407345385, 40.75476721048357 ], [ -73.99321245818295, 40.75536073358742 ], [ -73.9922790908728, 40.75588721637779 ], [ -73.99128234206505, 40.756341586915354 ], [ -73.99023181312087, 40.75671946786835 ], [ -73.98913762406907, 40.75701721872607 ], [ -73.98801031603477, 40.757231970909366 ], [ -73.98686074958847, 40.757361655438096 ], [ -73.9857, 40.757405022887156 ], [ -73.98453925041152, 40.757361655438096 ], [ -73.98338968396523, 40.757231970909366 ], [ -73.98226237593092, 40.75701721872607 ], [ -73.98116818687913, 40.75671946786835 ], [ -73.98011765793494, 40.75634158691535 ], [ -73.97912090912719, 40.75588721637778 ], [ -73.97818754181704, 40.75536073358742 ], [ -73.97732654615, 40.75476721048357 ], [ -73.97654621442564, 40.75411236470513 ], [ -73.9758540612214, 40.753402504461704 ], [ -73.97525675104015, 40.752644467717325 ], [ -73.97476003417793, 40.7518455562747 ], [ -73.97436869142729, 40.75101346539754 ], [ -73.9740864881457, 40.75015620965054 ], [ -73.97391613812727, 40.749282045673475 ], [ -73.97385927762036, 40.74839939263463 ] ] ] } } ] }, "shape": { "features": 1, "types": [ "Polygon" ], "positions": 65, "areaSquareMetres": 3136548.484 } }, "javascript": { "code": "import { readFileSync } from \"node:fs\";\nimport buffer from \"@turf/buffer\";\n\nconst school = JSON.parse(readFileSync(\"a.geojson\", \"utf8\"));\n\n// Turf takes a distance and a unit and handles the conversion, which is why\n// it is the only one of the four with no projection step.\nconst ring = buffer(school, 1, { units: \"kilometers\", steps: 16 });\nring.properties = { source: school.properties.name, radius_m: 1000 };\n\nconsole.log(JSON.stringify(ring));", "output": { "type": "Feature", "properties": { "source": "PS 116 Mary Lindley Murray", "radius_m": 1000 }, "geometry": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ -73.97382908808817, 40.748399391885755 ], [ -73.9738860931704, 40.74928088581948 ], [ -73.97405687713638, 40.750153902001905 ], [ -73.9743397995806, 40.75101003231226 ], [ -73.9747321398034, 40.751841030938955 ], [ -73.97523012285885, 40.75263889382229 ], [ -73.9758289557749, 40.75339593577981 ], [ -73.97652287360162, 40.75410486456968 ], [ -73.97730519484855, 40.75475885117722 ], [ -73.97816838578034, 40.75535159564521 ], [ -73.97910413295355, 40.75587738781152 ], [ -73.98010342329664, 40.756331162366905 ], [ -73.9811566309612, 40.75670854769975 ], [ -73.98225361010623, 40.75700590805546 ], [ -73.98338379271875, 40.75722037860166 ], [ -73.98453629052416, 40.75734989306013 ], [ -73.9857, 40.75739320363724 ], [ -73.98686370947584, 40.75734989306013 ], [ -73.98801620728123, 40.75722037860166 ], [ -73.98914638989376, 40.75700590805546 ], [ -73.99024336903881, 40.75670854769975 ], [ -73.99129657670335, 40.756331162366905 ], [ -73.99229586704644, 40.75587738781152 ], [ -73.99323161421965, 40.75535159564521 ], [ -73.99409480515145, 40.75475885117722 ], [ -73.99487712639838, 40.75410486456968 ], [ -73.9955710442251, 40.75339593577981 ], [ -73.99616987714116, 40.75263889382229 ], [ -73.9966678601966, 40.751841030938955 ], [ -73.99706020041938, 40.75101003231226 ], [ -73.99734312286363, 40.750153902001905 ], [ -73.9975139068296, 40.74928088581948 ], [ -73.99757091191184, 40.748399391885755 ], [ -73.99751359363046, 40.74751790963677 ], [ -73.99734250850143, 40.746644928059546 ], [ -73.99705930850374, 40.74578885394497 ], [ -73.99666672500328, 40.74495793094509 ], [ -73.99616854229502, 40.74416016021326 ], [ -73.99556956102354, 40.74340322339067 ], [ -73.99487555183998, 40.74269440867886 ], [ -73.99409319974563, 40.7420405407085 ], [ -73.99323003966126, 40.74144791487772 ], [ -73.99229438384485, 40.74092223678946 ], [ -73.99129524185717, 40.740468567369014 ], [ -73.99024223384544, 40.74009127418769 ], [ -73.98914549797806, 40.7397939894588 ], [ -73.98801559291901, 40.739579575108394 ], [ -73.9868633962767, 40.73945009525512 ], [ -73.9857, 40.73940679636275 ], [ -73.9845366037233, 40.73945009525512 ], [ -73.98338440708099, 40.739579575108394 ], [ -73.98225450202195, 40.7397939894588 ], [ -73.98115776615455, 40.74009127418769 ], [ -73.98010475814283, 40.740468567369014 ], [ -73.97910561615515, 40.74092223678946 ], [ -73.97816996033875, 40.74144791487772 ], [ -73.97730680025437, 40.7420405407085 ], [ -73.97652444816002, 40.74269440867886 ], [ -73.97583043897646, 40.74340322339067 ], [ -73.97523145770498, 40.74416016021326 ], [ -73.97473327499672, 40.74495793094509 ], [ -73.97434069149627, 40.74578885394497 ], [ -73.97405749149856, 40.746644928059546 ], [ -73.97388640636953, 40.74751790963677 ], [ -73.97382908808817, 40.748399391885755 ] ] ] } }, "shape": { "features": 1, "types": [ "Polygon" ], "positions": 65, "areaSquareMetres": 3140415.812 } } }, "agree": [ "gdal", "python" ], "differ": [ "javascript", "postgis" ], "restructured": [], "spreadPercent": 0.1231 }, "clip": { "languages": { "python": { "code": "import json\nfrom shapely.geometry import shape, mapping\n\nline = json.load(open(\"a.geojson\"))\nboundary = json.load(open(\"b.geojson\"))\n\nclipped = shape(line[\"geometry\"]).intersection(shape(boundary[\"geometry\"]))\n\nprint(json.dumps({\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": line[\"properties\"],\n \"geometry\": mapping(clipped),\n}))", "output": { "type": "Feature", "properties": { "name": "Coastal Trail Connector", "surface": "asphalt" }, "geometry": { "type": "LineString", "coordinates": [ [ -122.485, 37.8199 ], [ -122.4783, 37.8199 ], [ -122.47, 37.8199 ] ] } }, "shape": { "features": 1, "types": [ "LineString" ], "positions": 3, "lengthMetres": 1320.702 } }, "postgis": { "code": "-- ST_Intersection on a line and a polygon returns the part of the line\n-- inside the polygon. A line that leaves and re-enters comes back as a\n-- MultiLineString, so handle both.\nSELECT ST_AsGeoJSON(\n ST_Intersection(\n ST_GeomFromGeoJSON(:'a_geometry'),\n ST_GeomFromGeoJSON(:'b_geometry')\n )\n );", "output": { "type": "LineString", "coordinates": [ [ -122.485, 37.8199 ], [ -122.4783, 37.8199 ], [ -122.47, 37.8199 ] ] }, "shape": { "features": 1, "types": [ "LineString" ], "positions": 3, "lengthMetres": 1320.702 } }, "gdal": { "code": "# -clipsrc takes the clipping geometry from a second file and keeps the\n# attributes of the layer being clipped.\nogr2ogr -f GeoJSON /vsistdout/ a.geojson -clipsrc b.geojson", "output": { "type": "FeatureCollection", "name": "a", "crs": { "type": "name", "properties": { "name": "urn:ogc:def:crs:OGC:1.3:CRS84" } }, "features": [ { "type": "Feature", "properties": { "name": "Coastal Trail Connector", "surface": "asphalt" }, "geometry": { "type": "LineString", "coordinates": [ [ -122.485, 37.8199 ], [ -122.4783, 37.8199 ], [ -122.47, 37.8199 ] ] } } ] }, "shape": { "features": 1, "types": [ "LineString" ], "positions": 3, "lengthMetres": 1320.702 } }, "javascript": { "code": "import { readFileSync } from \"node:fs\";\nimport bboxClip from \"@turf/bbox-clip\";\nimport bbox from \"@turf/bbox\";\n\nconst line = JSON.parse(readFileSync(\"a.geojson\", \"utf8\"));\nconst boundary = JSON.parse(readFileSync(\"b.geojson\", \"utf8\"));\n\n// Turf has no line-on-polygon clip. bboxClip cuts to the boundary's bounding\n// box, which is the same answer only when the boundary is a rectangle. For\n// any other shape this is wrong, and the guide says so.\nconst clipped = bboxClip(line, bbox(boundary));\nclipped.properties = line.properties;\n\nconsole.log(JSON.stringify(clipped));", "output": { "type": "Feature", "properties": { "name": "Coastal Trail Connector", "surface": "asphalt" }, "geometry": { "type": "LineString", "coordinates": [ [ -122.485, 37.8199 ], [ -122.4783, 37.8199 ], [ -122.47, 37.8199 ] ] } }, "shape": { "features": 1, "types": [ "LineString" ], "positions": 3, "lengthMetres": 1320.702 } } }, "agree": [ "gdal", "javascript", "postgis", "python" ], "differ": [], "restructured": [], "spreadPercent": 0.0 }, "union": { "languages": { "python": { "code": "import json\nfrom shapely.geometry import shape, mapping\nfrom shapely.ops import unary_union\n\na = json.load(open(\"a.geojson\"))\nb = json.load(open(\"b.geojson\"))\n\nmerged = unary_union([shape(a[\"geometry\"]), shape(b[\"geometry\"])])\n\nprint(json.dumps({\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {\"parcel_ids\": f\"{a['properties']['parcel_id']},{b['properties']['parcel_id']}\"},\n \"geometry\": mapping(merged),\n}))", "output": { "type": "Feature", "properties": { "parcel_ids": "A-1042,A-1043" }, "geometry": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ -73.985, 40.748 ], [ -73.987, 40.748 ], [ -73.987, 40.7495 ], [ -73.9855, 40.7495 ], [ -73.9855, 40.7503 ], [ -73.9835, 40.7503 ], [ -73.9835, 40.7488 ], [ -73.985, 40.7488 ], [ -73.985, 40.748 ] ] ] } }, "shape": { "features": 1, "types": [ "Polygon" ], "positions": 9, "areaSquareMetres": 52988.334 } }, "postgis": { "code": "SELECT ST_AsGeoJSON(\n ST_Union(\n ST_GeomFromGeoJSON(:'a_geometry'),\n ST_GeomFromGeoJSON(:'b_geometry')\n )\n );", "output": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ -73.985, 40.748 ], [ -73.987, 40.748 ], [ -73.987, 40.7495 ], [ -73.9855, 40.7495 ], [ -73.9855, 40.7503 ], [ -73.9835, 40.7503 ], [ -73.9835, 40.7488 ], [ -73.985, 40.7488 ], [ -73.985, 40.748 ] ] ] }, "shape": { "features": 1, "types": [ "Polygon" ], "positions": 9, "areaSquareMetres": 52988.334 } }, "gdal": { "code": "# ogr2ogr has no union across files, so merge the two into one layer first\n# and let the SQLite dialect aggregate them.\nogr2ogr -f GeoJSON merged.geojson a.geojson -nln parcels\nogr2ogr -f GeoJSON -update -append merged.geojson b.geojson -nln parcels\n\nogr2ogr -f GeoJSON /vsistdout/ merged.geojson \\\n -dialect SQLITE -sql \"SELECT ST_Union(geometry) AS geometry FROM parcels\"", "output": { "type": "FeatureCollection", "name": "parcels", "crs": { "type": "name", "properties": { "name": "urn:ogc:def:crs:OGC:1.3:CRS84" } }, "features": [ { "type": "Feature", "properties": {}, "geometry": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ -73.985, 40.748 ], [ -73.987, 40.748 ], [ -73.987, 40.7495 ], [ -73.9855, 40.7495 ], [ -73.9855, 40.7503 ], [ -73.9835, 40.7503 ], [ -73.9835, 40.7488 ], [ -73.985, 40.7488 ], [ -73.985, 40.748 ] ] ] } } ] }, "shape": { "features": 1, "types": [ "Polygon" ], "positions": 9, "areaSquareMetres": 52988.334 } }, "javascript": { "code": "import { readFileSync } from \"node:fs\";\nimport union from \"@turf/union\";\nimport { featureCollection } from \"@turf/helpers\";\n\nconst a = JSON.parse(readFileSync(\"a.geojson\", \"utf8\"));\nconst b = JSON.parse(readFileSync(\"b.geojson\", \"utf8\"));\n\nconst merged = union(featureCollection([a, b]));\nmerged.properties = {\n parcel_ids: `${a.properties.parcel_id},${b.properties.parcel_id}`,\n};\n\nconsole.log(JSON.stringify(merged));", "output": { "type": "Feature", "properties": { "parcel_ids": "A-1042,A-1043" }, "geometry": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ -73.987, 40.748 ], [ -73.985, 40.748 ], [ -73.985, 40.7488 ], [ -73.9835, 40.7488 ], [ -73.9835, 40.7503 ], [ -73.9855, 40.7503 ], [ -73.9855, 40.7495 ], [ -73.987, 40.7495 ], [ -73.987, 40.748 ] ] ] } }, "shape": { "features": 1, "types": [ "Polygon" ], "positions": 9, "areaSquareMetres": 52988.334 } } }, "agree": [ "gdal", "javascript", "postgis", "python" ], "differ": [], "restructured": [], "spreadPercent": 0.0 }, "intersection": { "languages": { "python": { "code": "import json\nfrom shapely.geometry import shape, mapping\n\nflood = json.load(open(\"a.geojson\"))\nzoning = json.load(open(\"b.geojson\"))\n\noverlap = shape(flood[\"geometry\"]).intersection(shape(zoning[\"geometry\"]))\n\n# An intersection can come back empty. Check before using it.\nif overlap.is_empty:\n raise SystemExit(\"the two areas do not overlap\")\n\nprint(json.dumps({\"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": mapping(overlap)}))", "output": { "type": "Feature", "properties": {}, "geometry": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ -122.475, 37.818 ], [ -122.48, 37.818 ], [ -122.48, 37.821 ], [ -122.475, 37.821 ], [ -122.475, 37.818 ] ] ] } }, "shape": { "features": 1, "types": [ "Polygon" ], "positions": 5, "areaSquareMetres": 146589.601 } }, "postgis": { "code": "SELECT ST_AsGeoJSON(\n ST_Intersection(\n ST_GeomFromGeoJSON(:'a_geometry'),\n ST_GeomFromGeoJSON(:'b_geometry')\n )\n );", "output": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ -122.475, 37.818 ], [ -122.48, 37.818 ], [ -122.48, 37.821 ], [ -122.475, 37.821 ], [ -122.475, 37.818 ] ] ] }, "shape": { "features": 1, "types": [ "Polygon" ], "positions": 5, "areaSquareMetres": 146589.601 } }, "gdal": { "code": "# -clipsrc works for polygon-on-polygon too, and is shorter than the SQL.\nogr2ogr -f GeoJSON /vsistdout/ a.geojson -clipsrc b.geojson", "output": { "type": "FeatureCollection", "name": "a", "crs": { "type": "name", "properties": { "name": "urn:ogc:def:crs:OGC:1.3:CRS84" } }, "features": [ { "type": "Feature", "properties": { "zone": "AE", "bfe_ft": 14 }, "geometry": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ -122.48, 37.821 ], [ -122.475, 37.821 ], [ -122.475, 37.818 ], [ -122.48, 37.818 ], [ -122.48, 37.821 ] ] ] } } ] }, "shape": { "features": 1, "types": [ "Polygon" ], "positions": 5, "areaSquareMetres": 146589.601 } }, "javascript": { "code": "import { readFileSync } from \"node:fs\";\nimport intersect from \"@turf/intersect\";\nimport { featureCollection } from \"@turf/helpers\";\n\nconst flood = JSON.parse(readFileSync(\"a.geojson\", \"utf8\"));\nconst zoning = JSON.parse(readFileSync(\"b.geojson\", \"utf8\"));\n\n// Returns null when the two do not overlap, so check it.\nconst overlap = intersect(featureCollection([flood, zoning]));\nif (overlap === null) throw new Error(\"the two areas do not overlap\");\n\noverlap.properties = {};\nconsole.log(JSON.stringify(overlap));", "output": { "type": "Feature", "properties": {}, "geometry": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ -122.48, 37.818 ], [ -122.475, 37.818 ], [ -122.475, 37.821 ], [ -122.48, 37.821 ], [ -122.48, 37.818 ] ] ] } }, "shape": { "features": 1, "types": [ "Polygon" ], "positions": 5, "areaSquareMetres": 146589.601 } } }, "agree": [ "gdal", "javascript", "postgis", "python" ], "differ": [], "restructured": [], "spreadPercent": 0.0 }, "difference": { "languages": { "python": { "code": "import json\nfrom shapely.geometry import shape, mapping\n\ndistrict = json.load(open(\"a.geojson\"))\npark = json.load(open(\"b.geojson\"))\n\nnet = shape(district[\"geometry\"]).difference(shape(park[\"geometry\"]))\n\nprint(json.dumps({\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {\"district\": district[\"properties\"][\"district\"]},\n \"geometry\": mapping(net),\n}))", "output": { "type": "Feature", "properties": { "district": "Midtown South" }, "geometry": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ -73.988, 40.751 ], [ -73.982, 40.751 ], [ -73.982, 40.747 ], [ -73.988, 40.747 ], [ -73.988, 40.751 ] ], [ [ -73.9845, 40.7482 ], [ -73.9845, 40.7498 ], [ -73.9865, 40.7498 ], [ -73.9865, 40.7482 ], [ -73.9845, 40.7482 ] ] ] } }, "shape": { "features": 1, "types": [ "Polygon" ], "positions": 10, "areaSquareMetres": 195072.529 } }, "postgis": { "code": "-- The order matters. A minus B is not B minus A.\nSELECT ST_AsGeoJSON(\n ST_Difference(\n ST_GeomFromGeoJSON(:'a_geometry'),\n ST_GeomFromGeoJSON(:'b_geometry')\n )\n );", "output": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ -73.988, 40.751 ], [ -73.982, 40.751 ], [ -73.982, 40.747 ], [ -73.988, 40.747 ], [ -73.988, 40.751 ] ], [ [ -73.9845, 40.7482 ], [ -73.9845, 40.7498 ], [ -73.9865, 40.7498 ], [ -73.9865, 40.7482 ], [ -73.9845, 40.7482 ] ] ] }, "shape": { "features": 1, "types": [ "Polygon" ], "positions": 10, "areaSquareMetres": 195072.529 } }, "gdal": { "code": "# GDAL 3.9 added an -erase flag. Before that, and this is the version\n# the output below came from, put both shapes in one layer and let the\n# SQLite dialect subtract one from the other.\nogr2ogr -f GeoJSON both.geojson a.geojson -nln parts \\\n -dialect SQLITE -sql \"SELECT 'district' AS role, geometry FROM a\"\nogr2ogr -f GeoJSON -update -append both.geojson b.geojson -nln parts \\\n -dialect SQLITE -sql \"SELECT 'park' AS role, geometry FROM b\"\n\nogr2ogr -f GeoJSON /vsistdout/ both.geojson -dialect SQLITE -sql \"\n SELECT ST_Difference(\n (SELECT geometry FROM parts WHERE role = 'district'),\n (SELECT geometry FROM parts WHERE role = 'park')\n ) AS geometry\"", "output": { "type": "FeatureCollection", "name": "parts", "crs": { "type": "name", "properties": { "name": "urn:ogc:def:crs:OGC:1.3:CRS84" } }, "features": [ { "type": "Feature", "properties": {}, "geometry": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ -73.988, 40.751 ], [ -73.982, 40.751 ], [ -73.982, 40.747 ], [ -73.988, 40.747 ], [ -73.988, 40.751 ] ], [ [ -73.9845, 40.7482 ], [ -73.9845, 40.7498 ], [ -73.9865, 40.7498 ], [ -73.9865, 40.7482 ], [ -73.9845, 40.7482 ] ] ] } } ] }, "shape": { "features": 1, "types": [ "Polygon" ], "positions": 10, "areaSquareMetres": 195072.529 } }, "javascript": { "code": "import { readFileSync } from \"node:fs\";\nimport difference from \"@turf/difference\";\nimport { featureCollection } from \"@turf/helpers\";\n\nconst district = JSON.parse(readFileSync(\"a.geojson\", \"utf8\"));\nconst park = JSON.parse(readFileSync(\"b.geojson\", \"utf8\"));\n\n// The first feature is the one being cut. Reversing them gives the park\n// minus the district, which here is empty.\nconst net = difference(featureCollection([district, park]));\nnet.properties = { district: district.properties.district };\n\nconsole.log(JSON.stringify(net));", "output": { "type": "Feature", "properties": { "district": "Midtown South" }, "geometry": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ -73.988, 40.747 ], [ -73.982, 40.747 ], [ -73.982, 40.751 ], [ -73.988, 40.751 ], [ -73.988, 40.747 ] ], [ [ -73.9865, 40.7482 ], [ -73.9865, 40.7498 ], [ -73.9845, 40.7498 ], [ -73.9845, 40.7482 ], [ -73.9865, 40.7482 ] ] ] } }, "shape": { "features": 1, "types": [ "Polygon" ], "positions": 10, "areaSquareMetres": 195072.529 } } }, "agree": [ "gdal", "javascript", "postgis", "python" ], "differ": [], "restructured": [], "spreadPercent": 0.0 }, "dissolve": { "languages": { "python": { "code": "import json\nimport geopandas as gpd\n\nstates = gpd.read_file(\"a.geojson\")\n\n# dissolve() groups by the column and unions each group. aggfunc controls\n# what happens to the other columns.\nregions = states.dissolve(by=\"region\", aggfunc={\"name\": \"count\"})\nregions = regions.rename(columns={\"name\": \"feature_count\"}).reset_index()\n\nprint(regions.to_json())", "output": { "type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [ { "id": "0", "type": "Feature", "properties": { "region": "East", "feature_count": 1 }, "geometry": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ -75.0, 40.0 ], [ -74.0, 40.0 ], [ -74.0, 41.0 ], [ -75.0, 41.0 ], [ -75.0, 40.0 ] ] ] } }, { "id": "1", "type": "Feature", "properties": { "region": "West", "feature_count": 3 }, "geometry": { "type": "MultiPolygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ [ -120.0, 40.0 ], [ -120.0, 41.0 ], [ -119.0, 41.0 ], [ -118.0, 41.0 ], [ -118.0, 40.0 ], [ -119.0, 40.0 ], [ -120.0, 40.0 ] ] ], [ [ [ -115.0, 41.0 ], [ -115.0, 40.0 ], [ -116.0, 40.0 ], [ -116.0, 41.0 ], [ -115.0, 41.0 ] ] ] ] } } ] }, "shape": { "features": 2, "types": [ "MultiPolygon", "Polygon" ], "positions": 17, "areaSquareMetres": 37651154982.756 } }, "postgis": { "code": "-- ST_Union as an aggregate over a GROUP BY is the whole operation.\nSELECT region,\n count(*) AS feature_count,\n ST_AsGeoJSON(ST_Union(geom)) AS geometry\nFROM states\nGROUP BY region\nORDER BY region;", "output": { "type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [ { "type": "Feature", "properties": { "region": "East", "feature_count": 1 }, "geometry": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ -75, 40 ], [ -74, 40 ], [ -74, 41 ], [ -75, 41 ], [ -75, 40 ] ] ] } }, { "type": "Feature", "properties": { "region": "West", "feature_count": 3 }, "geometry": { "type": "MultiPolygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ [ -120, 40 ], [ -120, 41 ], [ -119, 41 ], [ -118, 41 ], [ -118, 40 ], [ -119, 40 ], [ -120, 40 ] ] ], [ [ [ -115, 41 ], [ -115, 40 ], [ -116, 40 ], [ -116, 41 ], [ -115, 41 ] ] ] ] } } ] }, "shape": { "features": 2, "types": [ "MultiPolygon", "Polygon" ], "positions": 17, "areaSquareMetres": 37651154982.756 } }, "gdal": { "code": "# The SQLite dialect gives you ST_Union as an aggregate, so the dissolve is\n# one GROUP BY. ST_Union returns the bare geometry, so name the column\n# \"geometry\" for ogr2ogr to pick it up.\nogr2ogr -f GeoJSON /vsistdout/ a.geojson -dialect SQLITE -sql \"\n SELECT region, COUNT(*) AS feature_count, ST_Union(geometry) AS geometry\n FROM a GROUP BY region ORDER BY region\"", "output": { "type": "FeatureCollection", "name": "SELECT", "features": [ { "type": "Feature", "properties": { "region": "East", "feature_count": 1 }, "geometry": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ -75.0, 40.0 ], [ -74.0, 40.0 ], [ -74.0, 41.0 ], [ -75.0, 41.0 ], [ -75.0, 40.0 ] ] ] } }, { "type": "Feature", "properties": { "region": "West", "feature_count": 3 }, "geometry": { "type": "MultiPolygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ [ -120.0, 40.0 ], [ -120.0, 41.0 ], [ -119.0, 41.0 ], [ -118.0, 41.0 ], [ -118.0, 40.0 ], [ -119.0, 40.0 ], [ -120.0, 40.0 ] ] ], [ [ [ -115.0, 41.0 ], [ -115.0, 40.0 ], [ -116.0, 40.0 ], [ -116.0, 41.0 ], [ -115.0, 41.0 ] ] ] ] } } ] }, "shape": { "features": 2, "types": [ "MultiPolygon", "Polygon" ], "positions": 17, "areaSquareMetres": 37651154982.756 } }, "javascript": { "code": "import { readFileSync } from \"node:fs\";\nimport dissolve from \"@turf/dissolve\";\n\nconst states = JSON.parse(readFileSync(\"a.geojson\", \"utf8\"));\n\n// Turf's dissolve takes polygons only and keeps each merged piece as its own\n// feature, so a region in two pieces comes back as two features here where\n// the other three return one MultiPolygon.\nconst regions = dissolve(states, { propertyName: \"region\" });\n\nconsole.log(JSON.stringify(regions));", "output": { "type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [ { "type": "Feature", "properties": { "region": "West" }, "geometry": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ -120, 40 ], [ -118, 40 ], [ -118, 41 ], [ -120, 41 ], [ -120, 40 ] ] ] } }, { "type": "Feature", "properties": { "region": "West" }, "geometry": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ -116, 40 ], [ -115, 40 ], [ -115, 41 ], [ -116, 41 ], [ -116, 40 ] ] ] } }, { "type": "Feature", "properties": { "region": "East" }, "geometry": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ -75, 40 ], [ -74, 40 ], [ -74, 41 ], [ -75, 41 ], [ -75, 40 ] ] ] } } ] }, "shape": { "features": 3, "types": [ "Polygon" ], "positions": 15, "areaSquareMetres": 37650777685.69 } } }, "agree": [ "gdal", "javascript", "postgis", "python" ], "differ": [], "restructured": [ "javascript" ], "spreadPercent": 0.001 } } }